Self-Help Techniques to Calm the Fight-or-Flight Response (2024)

If you've ever been in a highly stressful situation, you've likely experienced the fight-or-flight response. Your pulse races, your breathing speeds up, your pupils dilate—all in response to a perceived danger.

These symptoms serve an important purpose in some situations, but they can feel disruptive and uncomfortable in others. Someone with a mental health condition, for example, may have an overactive fight-or-flight response that can be triggered frequently, even when they're not in danger.

In these situations, there are techniques you can use to calm the fight-or-flight response and alleviate the symptoms of acute stress. Deep breathing, relaxation strategies, physical activity, and social support can all help if you are feeling the effects of a fight-or-flight response.

What Is the Fight-or-Flight Response?

When we're faced with a situation that causes extreme anxiety or fear, our bodies will respond with a sudden, involuntary display of symptoms like:

  • A racing heart
  • Balled fists
  • Dilated pupils
  • Shallow, rapid breathing
  • Tensed muscles

These physical reactions are what we call the fight-or-flight response (also known as hyperarousal or the acute stress response). This occurs when the perception of a threat triggers a cascade of physiological changes and the brain sets off an alarm throughout the central nervous system.

As a result, the adrenal glands will start pumping out hormones, called adrenaline and noradrenaline, which place the body on high alert to either confront the threat ("fight") or leave as quickly as possible ("flight"). These physiological changes serve specific, important functions:

  • Rapid pulse and respiration increase your oxygen supply for fast and/or prolonged action.
  • The conversion of your body's fuel source (glycogen) to fuel (glucose) allows for a burst of energy in your muscles.
  • The dilation of your pupils allows more light into your eyes, helping you to see better at night.

The fight-or-flight response is reflexive, and it allows us to act before thinking (such as slamming on the brakes to avoid an accident).

How to Treat the Fight-or-Flight Stress Response in Panic Disorder

How to Calm the Fight-or-Flight Response

Since the fight-or-flight response is a reflex, you can't control when and where it occurs. However, you can use self-help techniques to calm down and alleviate the symptoms.

Deep Breathing

One technique involves a three-part breathing exercise, which allows you to voluntarily slow your breathing. This can also bring down both your heart rate and adrenaline response.

The exercise, which incorporates some of the technique of pranayama breathing in yoga, involves six basic steps:

  1. Find a place that's quiet. Turn off your phone and close doors and curtains.
  2. Sit in a straight-back chair with both feet on the ground or lie on the floor.
  3. Place your right hand on your stomach and your left hand on your rib cage so that you can physically feel your inhalation and exhalation.
  4. Start inhaling by expanding the belly outward, allowing it to inflate like a balloon.
  5. Next, move your breath into the rib cage and all the way into the upper chest.
  6. Exhale by reversing this action, contracting your abdominal muscles as you finish.

You can practice this in one-minute intervals with the goal of gradually increasing to five minutes.

The practice may not only help alleviate acute attacks, but it can also be used to de-stress as part of a daily routine.

Relaxation Practices

Aside from deep breathing, there are several other relaxation techniques you can use to bring yourself out of the fight-or-flight response.

Visualization is one method that involves using mental imagery to picture yourself in a calming location. Similar to daydreaming, visualization exercises require you to imagine yourself in a relaxing place, like a peaceful beach or secluded field, while focusing on the details of those surroundings.

Mantra meditation is another way to reach a more relaxed state. This form of meditation relies on a mantra, or chosen word or phrase, that's repeated throughout the practice. Your mantra can be anything you choose, and you can repeat it out loud or silently throughout the meditation.

Physical Activity

Engaging in light physical exercise may help regulate your breathing, reduce your muscle tension, and distract you from the cause of your acute stress. Some options include:

  • Yoga, which may improve your ability to recover after a stressful event
  • Tai chi, which could affect how your body reacts to stress and even improve your ability to cope with it
  • Walking and walking meditation, which may reduce blood pressure (especially when combined with other relaxation techniques)

Social Support

Reaching out to family or friends for social support may help you cope in a moment of acute stress, and maintaining close relationships is beneficial for your overall well-being. In fact, one study found that the presence of social support helped reduce the negative effects of stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Complementary Therapies

Other non-prescription treatment options include valerian root and passionflower (herbal supplements commonly used as non-addictive relaxants) and B-complex vitamins, which may help regulate stress chemicals produced by the brain. You should also consider avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine during a fight-or-flight response.

Treatment for Abnormal Fight-or-Flight Response

While the fight-or-flight response is a vital self-defense mechanism, some people have an overly sensitive response. For these individuals, the symptoms occur either far too frequently, or they happen at inappropriate times. There may be several reasons for this:

  • An imbalance in brain hormones, such as in anxiety and bipolar disorders
  • Post-traumatic distress
  • A history of verbal or physical abuse
  • The existence of panic disorder
  • Coming into contact with the object of a phobia

It's not only exhausting to spend so much time in a state of high alert, but it can also be physically damaging. The physical consequences of acute stress can include high blood pressure, migraine headaches, and exacerbation of fibromyalgia, chronic gastritis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms.

If you have an abnormal fight-or-flight response, your treatment will likely involve counseling and psychotherapy to better identify the psychological or psychiatric roots of the issue. In some cases, your doctor may recommend medication, particularly if you're experiencing severe anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

How to Use Relaxation Techniques

A Word From Verywell

Whether it's a symptom of a mental health condition or the result of being in a dangerous situation, we will all find ourselves in the fight-or-flight response at some point. Regardless of what prompts it, being in this state isn't a comfortable experience. Learning to calm yourself down is a valuable tool that can help you manage your reaction to acute stress and improve your overall well-being.

10 Sources

Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

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  2. Sengupta P. Health impacts of yoga and pranayama: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(7):444-458.

  3. Benvenutti MJ, Alves E da S, Michael S, Ding D, Stamatakis E, Edwards KM. A single session of hatha yoga improves stress reactivity and recovery after an acute psychological stress task—A counterbalanced, randomized-crossover trial in healthy individuals.Complement Ther Med. 2017;35:120-126. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.10.009

  4. Robert‐McComb JJ, Chyu M-C, Tacón A, Norman R. The effects of tai chi on measures of stress and coping style.Focus Altern Complement Ther. 2015;20(2):89-96. doi:10.1111/fct.12179

  5. Matzer F, Nagele E, Lerch N, Vajda C, Fazekas C. Combining walking and relaxation for stress reduction-A randomized cross-over trial in healthy adults.Stress Health. 2018;34(2):266-277. doi:10.1002/smi.2781

  6. Ye Z, Yang X, Zeng C, et al. Resilience, social support, and coping as mediators between COVID-19-related stressful experiences and acute stress disorder among college students in China.Appl Psychol Health Well-Being. 2020;12(4):1074-1094. doi:10.1111/aphw.12211

  7. Meier S, Haschke M, Zahner C, et al. Effects of a fixed herbal drug combination (Ze 185) to an experimental acute stress setting in healthy men - An explorative randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Phytomedicine. 2018;39:85-92. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.005

  8. Stough C, Scholey A, Lloyd J, Spong J, Myers S, Downey LA. The effect of a 90 day administration of a high dose vitamin B-complex on work stress. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(7):470-476. doi:10.1002/hup.1229

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By Marcia Purse
Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing.

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Self-Help Techniques to Calm the Fight-or-Flight Response (2024)

FAQs

How do I calm my fight-or-flight response? ›

Deep breathing, relaxation strategies, physical activity, and social support can all help if you are feeling the effects of a fight-or-flight response.

Can your body get stuck in fight or flight mode? ›

However, if you are under chronic stress or have experienced trauma, you can get stuck in sympathetic fight or flight or dorsal vagal freeze and fold. When this happens, it can lead to disruptions in everything from basic life skills like sleeping, self-care and eating, to complexities like learning and self-soothing.

Why is my body constantly in fight or flight mode? ›

As adrenaline and cortisol levels drop, your heart rate and blood pressure return to baseline levels, and other systems resume their regular activities. But when stressors are always present and you constantly feel under attack, that fight-or-flight reaction stays turned on.

What are the coping methods taught to calm down and fight automatic fear responses? ›

Five Coping Skills for Overcoming the Fight, Flight or Freeze...
  • What's Happening, Neurologically Speaking: ...
  • Deep Breathing or Belly Breathing. ...
  • Grounding Exercises. ...
  • Guided Imagery or Guided Meditation. ...
  • Self Soothe Through Temperature. ...
  • Practice "RAIN."
Sep 1, 2020

How do I stop fight or flight panic? ›

7 Techniques to Tame the Fight or Flight Response
  1. Eat well. Good nutrition is vital to reduce anxiety and your body's sensitive fight or flight response. ...
  2. Get Counseling. ...
  3. Get regular exercise. ...
  4. Concentrate on your senses. ...
  5. Breathe. ...
  6. Use positive self-talk. ...
  7. Use visualization techniques.
Jan 22, 2022

How do you calm an overactive sympathetic nervous system? ›

Ways to keep the sympathetic nervous system from becoming overactive or excessive include lifestyle changes, such as meditation, yoga, Tai Chi, or other forms of mild to moderate exercise. Various exercises can train the sympathetic nervous system not to become overactive and may also be good stress reducers.

What medication is used for overactive fight-or-flight response? ›

Beta-blockers are a class of medication that helps control your body's fight-or-flight response and reduce its effects on your heart. Many people take beta-blockers to treat heart-related conditions, such as: high blood pressure. heart failure.

How do you calm down your nervous system? ›

Work on repairing your nervous system naturally by using deep breathing techniques. Box breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and alternate nostril breathing are all awesome ways to invite calm during a state of panic. You can also try meditation or yoga paired with deep breathing, even if you only have 5 or 10 minutes.

How do I stop hyperstimulation anxiety? ›

Daily Deep Relaxation

Taking just 10-20 minutes each day to practice relaxation techniques can make a world of difference. Whether it's with meditation or meditative movement techniques like Qigong, yoga, or other techniques that relax you, give yourself a break during the day to simply be.

What happens when your body is in fight or flight for too long? ›

The body turns on the "fight or flight" response, but is prevented from turning it off again. This produces constant anxiety and overreaction to stimulation, followed by the paradoxical response called "learned helplessness," in which victims apparently lose all motivation.

How can I calm my amygdala naturally? ›

Keep your amygdala as healthy as possible by doing the following:
  1. Practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and exercising.
  2. Work through symptoms of PTSD, severe anxiety, or panic with a trained professional.
Sep 1, 2022

What are the 3 coping techniques? ›

There are many different conceptualizations of coping strategies, but the five general types of coping strategies are problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, social support, religious coping, and meaning making.

What are the 10 types of coping strategies? ›

10 Ways to Cope with Chronic Stress
  • Re-balance Work and Home.
  • Build in Regular Exercise.
  • Eat Well and Limit Alcohol and Stimulants.
  • Connect with Supportive People.
  • Carve out Hobby Time.
  • Practice Meditation, Stress Reduction or Yoga.
  • Sleep Enough.
  • Bond with Your Pet.

What triggers fight or flight anxiety? ›

The fight or flight response is an automatic physiological reaction to an event that is perceived as stressful or frightening. The perception of threat activates the sympathetic nervous system and triggers an acute stress response that prepares the body to fight or flee.

How do I get my body out of survival mode? ›

5 steps to moving out of survival mode
  1. Acknowledge that you could be in survival mode. ...
  2. Take care of yourself and reduce the stress and anxiety in your life. ...
  3. Ask for help if you need it. ...
  4. Create a new plan of action that takes into account where you are now, what you've gone through and what you are able to do.

What are the 3 stages of fight or flight? ›

There are three stages of fight-or-flight: Alarm, Resistance and Exhaustion, the body's healthy response to a life-threatening crisis.

How can I reset my nervous system naturally? ›

A deep sigh is your body-brain's natural way to release tension and reset your nervous system. Simply breathe in fully, then breathe out fully, longer on the exhale. Studieshave shown that a deep sigh returns the autonomic nervous system from an over-activated sympathetic state to a more balanced parasympathetic state.

What vitamin is good for nervous system? ›

Neurotropic B vitamins play crucial roles as coenzymes and beyond in the nervous system. Particularly vitamin B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) contribute essentially to the maintenance of a healthy nervous system.

What hormone triggers the fight-or-flight response? ›

These glands respond by pumping the hormone epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) into the bloodstream. As epinephrine circulates through the body, it brings on a number of physiological changes. The heart beats faster than normal, pushing blood to the muscles, heart, and other vital organs.

What naturally calms the nervous system? ›

What Things Calm an Overactive Nervous System?
  • Exercising: This can help release endorphins, which have a calming effect.
  • Yoga: Yoga focuses on breathing and relaxation, which can help calm the nervous system.
  • Meditation: This can help focus the mind and calm the nervous system.
May 23, 2022

How long should it take the body to reset after fight or flight experience? ›

The high levels of reaction by the sympathetic nervous system come down and the amygdala makes the parasympathetic nervous system return the body to its normal relaxed state. The fight-or-flight response is over. The body needs about 20 minutes to physically recover from an acute stress reaction.

How do you reverse overactive amygdala? ›

You can do this by slowing down, taking deep breaths, and refocusing your thoughts. These steps allow your brain's frontal lobes to take over for the irrational amygdala. When this happens, you have control over your responses, and you won't be left feeling regret or embarrassment at your behavior.

What are amygdala calming exercises? ›

Meditation, tai chi, yoga are the best calming exercises that can help you fight chronic stresses. These calming exercises for Amygdala keeps the mind and body in a relaxed state and helps us cool down the natural rev up state.

What deactivates the amygdala? ›

We demonstrate that goal-directed eye-movements, like working-memory tasks, deactivate the amygdala, the core neural substrate of fear learning. Effective connectivity analyses revealed amygdala deactivation potentially engaged dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal pathways.

What are 5 good coping strategies? ›

Healthy Ways to Cope with Stress
  • Take breaks from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including those on social media. ...
  • Take care of yourself. ...
  • Take care of your body. ...
  • Make time to unwind. ...
  • Talk to others. ...
  • Connect with your community- or faith-based organizations.
  • Avoid drugs and alcohol.

What are 5 healthy coping skills? ›

What are some common coping strategies?
  • Lower your expectations.
  • Ask others to help or assist you.
  • Take responsibility for the situation.
  • Engage in problem solving.
  • Maintain emotionally supportive relationships.
  • Maintain emotional composure or, alternatively, expressing distressing emotions.
Nov 24, 2020

What are the 5 types of coping strategies for anxiety? ›

Here are 11 tips for coping with an anxiety disorder:
  • Keep physically active. ...
  • Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs. ...
  • Quit smoking, and cut back or quit drinking caffeinated beverages. ...
  • Use stress management and relaxation techniques. ...
  • Make sleep a priority. ...
  • Eat healthy foods. ...
  • Learn about your disorder.
Jul 20, 2021

What are passive coping strategies? ›

Passive coping strategies, such as escaping, avoiding, and denial of the stressor, can be contrasted to active coping strategies, such as seeking social support, engaging in activism, or acceptance.

What are the four basic coping strategies? ›

Weiten has identified four types of coping strategies: appraisal-focused (adaptive cognitive), problem-focused (adaptive behavioral), emotion-focused, and occupation-focused coping.

What are 5 negative coping strategies? ›

Negative coping responses
  • Criticizing yourself (negative self-talk)
  • Driving fast in a car.
  • Chewing your fingernails.
  • Becoming aggressive or violent (hitting someone, throwing or kicking something)
  • Eating too much or too little or drinking a lot of coffee.
  • Smoking or chewing tobacco.
  • Drinking alcohol.

What foods reduce panic attacks? ›

Foods naturally rich in magnesium may, therefore, help a person to feel calmer. Examples include leafy greens, such as spinach and Swiss chard. Other sources include legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. Foods rich in zinc such as oysters, cashews, liver, beef, and egg yolks have been linked to lowered anxiety.

What chemical deficiency causes anxiety? ›

Serotonin Serotonin may be the most well-known neurotransmitter. Low levels of serotonin are linked to both anxiety and depression. Like most neurotransmitters, low or unbalanced serotonin levels can occur genetically/naturally, and can also be created by your emotions.

How long can your body stay in fight or flight? ›

On average, your fight-or-flight response can last anywhere from 20 minutes to an hour. You should calm down once the danger has passed. You feel your muscles unwind, and your hormones, blood pressure and heart rate return to balance—that's your parasympathetic nervous system or your relaxation response.

How do I know if I'm stuck in fight flight? ›

A person in fight or flight may feel extremely alert, agitated, confrontational, or like they need to leave a room or location. A severe fight or flight response can become a panic attack. It can also trigger asthma attacks in people with the condition.

How does the body recover from fight or flight? ›

The high levels of reaction by the sympathetic nervous system come down and the amygdala makes the parasympathetic nervous system return the body to its normal relaxed state. The fight-or-flight response is over.

Does magnesium lower adrenaline? ›

Magnesium suppresses the secretion of cortisol and adrenaline from the adrenal glands. It also suppresses the release of less famous stress hormones, like adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), from the pituitary gland (Sartori et al., 2012).

Does anxiety cause fight or flight? ›

As already mentioned, the two main behaviours associated with fear and anxiety are to either fight or flee. Therefore, the overwhelming urges associated with this response are those of aggression and a desire to escape, wherever you are.

How do I get out of dorsal vagal shutdown? ›

Coming Out Of Shutdown Mode

So how do we climb back out of shutdown mode? The opposite of the dorsal vagal system is the social engagement system. So, in short, what fixes shutdown mode is bringing someone into healthy social engagement, or proper attachment.

What are physical signs your body is releasing trauma? ›

Some may have a fight-or-flight type of response, which may include muscle tension, heart pounding and sweating because their body "believes it needs to activate," she explains. Others maybe experience a freeze response, which can look like someone who struggles to move or get out of bed.

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