What Is Cajun | Explore Lafayette Louisiana History (2024)

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The word Cajun began in 19th century Acadie. The French of noble ancestry would say, "les Acadiens", while some referred to the Acadians as, "le 'Cadiens", dropping the "A". Later came the Americans who could not pronounce "Acadien" or "'Cadien", so the word, "Cajun" was born.

The first known inhabitants known to have populated the Lafayette, LA area were the Attakapas Indians in the 1700s. The tribe was very powerful and feared by other Indians. The Attakapas dominated until three opposing tribes, the Opelousas, Alabamons and Choctaws, united in battle and conquered their opponent.

The exact date when the first European settlers reached the Lafayette, LA area is not known. Early historians report that a few trappers, traders and ranchers were present in the region prior to the Spanish occupation of 1766. A census conducted in 1769 by Spanish Governor O'Reilly indicated a population of 409 for the area.

What Is Cajun | Explore Lafayette Louisiana History (4)

The historical event of the 18th century which had the greatest cultural impact on Lafayette, LA was the migration of the Acadians from French Canada. Approximately 18,000 French-speaking Catholic inhabitants settled Acadie (now Nova Scotia) in 1605 and lived there under French rule until 1713 when the region went into English hands.

Faced with the refusal of the Acadians to pledge allegiance to the British crown and Anglican Church, English Governor Charles Lawrence took action. Acting on his own and not under orders from the crown as he professed, he gave the orders that led to the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755, also known as "Le Grand Derangement."

Families were separated and as the Acadians went to sea under dreadful conditions, more than half lost their lives. The exiles ended up in many locations and in 1784, the King of Spain consented to allow them to settle in South Louisiana. The Acadians then joined a scattering of their people who had arrived as early as 1765 from the Caribbean and the East Coast.

Some exiles settled at various locations along the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, but most followed the path which led to New Orleans. There they received a hostile greeting from the French aristocracy so they headed west into unsettled territory. They settled along the bayous of south central and south western Louisiana where they could live according to their own beliefs and customs.

What Is Cajun | Explore Lafayette Louisiana History (5)

The first settlement, known as Petit Manchac, was established by the English who used it during the Revolutionary War as an outpost. It constituted a small trading post on the banks of the Vermilion River where the Old Spanish Trail crossed the bayou (about where today's Pinhook Bridge is located). The village also came to be known as Pin Hook, a name about which many stories of origin exist.

The years of 1765-1785 marked the great immigration period of the Acadians and many land grants were given by the French and Spanish governments. As a result of the Treaty of Fountainebleau in 1762, Louisiana went from French to Spanish rule. The Spanish actually took possession in 1766. The French Revolution of 1789 had its effect on Lafayette, LA as many French Loyalists fled to Louisiana to settle. With the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Louisiana then became possession of the United States.

More specifically for Lafayette, LA, in 1821, Jean Mouton (an Acadian) donated land for the construction of a Catholic church. On May 15, 1822 Bishop Duborg created the church parish of St. John the Evangelist of Vermilion which encompassed the area from Mouton's plantation south to the Gulf of Mexico and west to the Sabine River.

A settlement grew around the church and on January 17, 1823, the Louisiana Legislature created Lafayette Parish from the western portion of what was St. Martin Parish. Mouton made a second land donation to the new community, this time for a courthouse. The town of Vermilionville became the new parish's seat. The settlement grew and the town of Vermilionville was renamed Lafayette in 1884 in honor of the French Marquis de Lafayette.

What Is Cajun | Explore Lafayette Louisiana History (6)

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What Is Cajun | Explore Lafayette Louisiana History (2024)

FAQs

What is the history of Louisiana Cajun? ›

Cajun, descendant of Roman Catholic French Canadians whom the British, in the 18th century, drove from the captured French colony of Acadia (now Nova Scotia and adjacent areas) and who settled in the fertile bayou lands of southern Louisiana. The Cajuns today form small, compact, generally self-contained communities.

What is the significance of the city of Lafayette to Cajun country? ›

Lafayette has a distinct culinary identity as the epicenter of Cajun cuisine that's earned them the title Best Food City in the USA. Lafayette's culinary scene is steeped in tradition and continues to evolve with a new generation of chefs making it an incredible place to eat.

What is the history of Lafayette Parish? ›

Later, in 1823, Lafayette Parish was carved from St. Martin Parish, named after Marquis de Lafayette, a revolutionary hero. The town evolved into Lafayette and became the central hub of Acadiana, blossoming with a railroad stop, a dynamic population, and a bustling business district.

What is special about Lafayette Louisiana? ›

Lafayette, LA is known as "The Hub City" because of its proximity to major roadways heading north, south, east and west that lead locals and visitors to explore smaller towns.

Is Cajun a race or ethnicity? ›

Cajun people are ethnically and ancestrally French; nationally, they are American citizens. Initially, Cajuns were less eager to integrate into American society, but this changed after World War II.

What is the history of the Cajun people? ›

While Lower Louisiana had been settled by French colonists since the late 17th century, many Cajuns trace their roots to the influx of Acadian settlers after the Great Expulsion from their homeland during the French and British hostilities prior to the French and Indian War (1756 to 1763).

What did Louisiana Lafayette used to be called? ›

UL Lafayette was originally named the Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute (SLII), according to the 1898 legislative act that created the school on July 14.

Why is Lafayette called Acadiana? ›

We started using it at the station." The typo was, in fact, a logical combination of the names of the two geographic areas important to Cajun culture; Acadie, the area of Canada from which the French settlers were expelled in the late 1700's and, Louisiana, where they later settled and flourished.

Why is it called Cajun? ›

The word Cajun began in 19th century Acadie. The French of noble ancestry would say, "les Acadiens", while some referred to the Acadians as, "le 'Cadiens", dropping the "A". Later came the Americans who could not pronounce "Acadien" or "'Cadien", so the word, "Cajun" was born.

Why is Lafayette called Lafayette? ›

Lafayette Parish was named after the Marquis de Lafayette who was getting ready to take a tour of the United States. Lafayette was a a French aristocrat and military officer who fought with colonists against the British in the Revolutionary War. He was considrered a hero of the Amerian and French revolutions.

How old is Lafayette Louisiana? ›

Originally established as Vermilionville in the 1820s and incorporated in 1836, Lafayette developed as an agricultural community until the introduction of retail and entertainment centers, and the discovery of oil in the area in the 1940s.

Where was Lafayette buried? ›

Lafayette was buried in France underneath dirt taken from Bunker Hill. After the 76-year-old Lafayette died in Paris on May 20, 1834, he was laid to rest next to his wife at the city's Picpus Cemetery.

What is the happiest city in Louisiana? ›

It's why Lafayette has been named the "Happiest City in America" and the "Best Food City in the USA."

What is the culture of Lafayette? ›

Lafayette is at the heart of Louisiana's Cajun & Creole Country, an area known as the Happiest City in America and it's no mystery why. The region's history dates back to the 18th century when Canada's Acadians were expelled in the late 1700s and settled in Louisiana.

Is Lafayette Louisiana a good place to live? ›

Lafayette is a city in Louisiana with a population of 121,706. Lafayette is in Lafayette Parish and is one of the best places to live in Louisiana. Living in Lafayette offers residents a dense suburban feel and most residents own their homes. In Lafayette there are a lot of restaurants and parks.

Why did the Cajuns come to Louisiana? ›

The descendants of one of North America's first settlers spread out throughout the British-American colonies, Caribbean, and Louisiana. Their expulsion continued through 1785. Between 1765 and 1785, about 3,000 exiles settled in South Louisiana, motivated by the Spanish government to populate the territory.

Where do Louisiana Cajuns claim ancestry from? ›

Many Cajuns claim their Acadian ancestry, despite the fact that their culture is mixed, originating from the different immigrant groups which have settled in Louisiana (French, Acadian, Spanish, Irish, Black and White Creoles…).

When did the first Cajuns come to Louisiana? ›

The exiles ended up in many locations and in 1784, the King of Spain consented to allow them to settle in South Louisiana. The Acadians then joined a scattering of their people who had arrived as early as 1765 from the Caribbean and the East Coast.

What is the difference between Louisiana Creole and Cajun? ›

So, what's the difference between these two cuisines? While they are very similar, they do utilize different ingredients. Cajun food is typically spicier than Creole food, and it also contains more pork and crawfish. Creole food utilizes more ingredients like tomatoes, shrimp, oysters, and crab.

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